Click on an acronym to view each weed list, or click here for a composite list of weeds of the u. The plants database includes the following 2 subspecies of cynodon dactylon. The chemical composition of cynodon dactylon and its substrate was investigated on 3. These bermudagrass varieties have coarser leaves and generally do not provide the high quality carpeted look nor do they rewuire the high. The erect or ascending culms are generally 5 45cm long, occasionally to cm. Drought responses of turftype bermuda grass cynodon dactylon l. After years of nothingbut arizona common bermudagrasson the market, the. One drawback to bermuda grass is that it spreads easily and is considered invasive in. An illustrated flora of the northern united states, canada and the british possessions. It is also used for the treatment of dropsy kesari et al. Bermuda grass, also known as couch grass or wiregrass is scientifically called the cynadon dactylon is a part of the poaceae family. Bermuda can be easily planted from grass seed or solid sod and provides a good medium plus turfgrass lawn in southern areas.
Highly tolerant to heat, salt, drought and traffic conditions. The species is hermaphrodite has both male and female organs and is pollinated by wind. Couch 5 was a selection from an earlier series of crosses by the breeder between wintergreen and a number of cynodon dactylon accessions, which were collected by the breeder from the mornington peninsula area of victoria between 1986 and 1990. Common bermudagrass cynodon dactylon varieties often have coarse leaf texture and are light green com pared to hybrid varieties. It is a longlived, warm season perennial that spreads by rhizomes, stolons, and seed. Cynodon dactylon, this is a warm season perennial grass spreads both by stolons and rhizomes and forms a prostrate habit. Names of cynodon dactylon in various languages of the world are also given.
Bermudagrass is a fast growing warm season perennial grass that spreads rapidly by seed, underground rhizomes and. Bermuda turf requires a moderate amount of lawn grass care, maintenance and mowing. Bermuda grass cynodon dactylon is the most common c4 species in hungary. However, improved cultivars of common bermudagrass are available that can produce a nice lawn in fullsun situations. It is native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the old world, as well as being cultivated and naturalized in the new world and on many oceanic islands the genus name comes from greek words meaning dogtooth.
Cynodon dactylon global invasive species database gisd. Chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of cynodon dactylon 19 however, chandel and kumar isolated 24 compounds from cynodon dactylon leaves using gcms analysis, these included. In addition to high temperatures, bermuda grass requires high light intensities. Advantages of the hybrid bermudagrasses over common bermudagrass are numerous. It has fine texture dark green lancedshaped leaves that turn brown when dormant. Cynodon dactylon control in tall fescue festuca arundinacea. Bermuda grass cynodon dactylon afghan agriculture uc davis. Although it is not native to bermuda, it is an abundant invasive species there. Couch grass, bermuda grass, quickgrass, twitch grass. Couch bermuda grass cynodon dactylon agt foods africa. These hybrids do not produce viable seed and must be propagated by sprigs, stolons, or sodding. But its admirable vigor also makes this turf a challenge to remove if you decide to replace it with something else. Cynodon dactylon, known as bermuda grass, dhoob, durva grass, ethana grass,dubo, dogs tooth grass, bahama grass, devils grass, couch grass, indian doab, arugampul, grama, wiregrass and scutch grass, is a grass that is native to most of the eastern hemisphere. Cynodon dactylon is commonly called arugampul, bermuda grass, or dogs tooth grass figure 1.
In laboratory tests on germination, a 2% solution of potassium nitrate. This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. The creeping grass is mainly seen in 45 degrees north and 45 degrees south latitude asthana et al. How cynodon dactylon is effective for various diseases is listed in repertory format. Found in australia, africa, india, south america and the southern united states, it grows well in nearly all soil types and resists drought.
Durva grass is also called as energizer or immunity booster. Spot herbicide and manual tilling may be adequate in controlling native fields. Bermuda grass cynodon dactylon is a popular choice for lawns in the hotter regions of the west for very good reasons. Bermudagrass cynodon spp is commonly selected for use on tennessee athletic fields and golf courses for its aggressive growth and tolerances to heat, drought and traffic stress. Bermudagrass, is from south africa and was documented as an important grass in the united states by l807. Paul rita2, mandal aninda1 and datta k animesh1 1department of botany, cytogenetics and plant breeding section, university of kalyani, kalyani 741235, west bengal, india 2department of botany, charuchandra college, kolkata 29, india.
If the lawn has areas that are completely bare, use the seeding rate for new turf. This characteristic can be utilized in the control of bermuda grass holm et al. The plant spreads by shoots rooting to form a new plant in moist soil and by. It is actually a type of weed that originated from middle east from where it later spread to bermuda and north america, african savannah and india. Uses, benefits, cures, side effects, nutrients in cynodon dactylon. Bermuda grass is a lowgrowing, wiry perennial weed with shoots aboveground stolons and belowground rhizomes. Cynodon dactylon bermudagrass, bermuda grass, dogs tooth. Cynodon dactylon is a warmseason, prostrate, perennial grass. Although long regarded as a weed by early crop farmers, its importance as a pasture and forage grass today is no longer disputed. These characteristics also render bermudagrass an extremely difficulttocontrol weed in tall fescue festuca arundinacea and zoysiagrass zoysia spp. But, be aware chances are good that the bermudagrass will return again in the future. Lawn management calendar esc042 616 assistant professors and extension turfgrass specialists bermudagrass scientific name.
Chemical composition of bermuda grass cynodon dactylon. It is in leaf all year, in flower from august to october, and the seeds ripen from september to october. However, breeding efforts have significantly improved the appearance of common bermu dagrasses. Wikipedia points out its root system can grow to over 2 metres 6. The plant is also said to cause contact dermatitis and, with its high production of pollen, can be a major cause of hayfever. Access may be available via the publishers website or openaccess link. Some of the early lawn varieties of cynodon dactylon include numex sahara, paco verde, sun devil, guymon and sonesta. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for subspecies profiles.
Bermuda grass is a lowgrowing, wiry perennial weed with shoots aboveground stolons and belowground. It loves heat, its remarkably resistant to wear and tear, and, as turf goes, its relatively drought tolerant. Bermuda cynodon dactylon bermuda is a warm season grass adapted to a wide range of soils. It is regarded as being native in queensland and new south wales and introduced in victoria, south australia, tasmania and the northern. Bermuda grass is reported to be photosensitizing in animals. Prepared by courtney jallo, elana peachfine and mark bell. Pdf chemical composition of bermuda grass cynodon dactylon. These types of bermudagrass are easily established from seed in the summertime.
It was introduced from africa not bermuda in 1751 and is widely spread throughout the southwest and southern united states. Botanical name cynodon dactylon type subtropical grass production period perennial, summer morphological description stoloniferous. Cooperative extension, which staffs local offices in all 100 counties and with the eastern band of cherokee indians. Bermuda cynodon dactylon bermudagrass is one of the most sun loving warm season lawn and pasture grasses. Cynodon dactylon tolerates a wide range of soil types and conditions. Bermuda grass contains cynodon dactylon protein fractions. Under certain environmental conditions the plant can produce hydrocyanic acid and so is potentially toxic to livestck. Bermuda grass cynodon dactylonalso called wire grass or devil grassis a warmseason, perennial grass weed that is very aggressive and hard to control once it becomes established. Cynodon dactylon is very widely distributed throughout the world and its exact origin is unknown.
Cynodon dactylon, green couch grass, bermuda grass grand. However, it most probably originated in subsaharan africa andor on. Cynodon dactylon is a shortlived, prostrate, perennial grass that creeps along the ground and roots wherever a node touches the ground, quickly forming a dense mat. Spread grass seed with a broadcast spreader if overseeding a large area. This species is a c 4 grass included in the global compendium of weeds randall, 2012 and it is listed as one of the most serious agricultural and environmental weeds in the world holm et al. Couch bermuda grass is a strong perennial grass which has both stolons and rhizomes.
Cynodon dactylon is a perennial grass that is commonly used as a laxative, expectorant, analgesic, etc. Bermuda cynodon dactylon vegetable, lawn and flower. The chemical composition of cynodon dactylon and its substrate. The genus as a whole as well as its species are commonly known as bermuda grass or dogs tooth grass. Common bermudagrass is drought resistant, grows on many soils, and makes a good turf if fertilized and mowed right. Cover the seed with 18 to 14 inch of soil to hold it in place and encourage germination. This is a protein compound responsible for improving immunity. Cynodon dactylon herb uses, benefits, cures, side effects. Of all the lawn grass species, bermudagrass cynodon dactylon is by far the most widely encountered and toughest, but gardeners have a lovehate relationship with it.
Common bermudagrass produces many unsightly seedheads, but in spite of this fault, it frequently is used on home lawns due to the ease and economy of establishment. Once established as adult plants, they will make seed heads, exude pollen sacks and shed viable pollen. Cynodon dactylon is a warmseason grass which grows slowly in cold weather, in shade or. Cynodon dactylon and acacia smallii were grown in mixed and monoculture plots, with and without added fertilizer in order to study the competitive ability and mechanism of the two species. New grass can be seeded 7 days after treatment when you are sure the weedy grasses are dead. Bermudagrass is a fast growing warm season perennial grass that spreads rapidly by seed, underground rhizomes and surface stolons runners. Cynodon dactylon bermuda grass, herb garden, medicinal. Bermudagrass cynodon dactylon is a plant that is grown as a turfgrass or as forage for livestock, but it also can be an invasive weed.
Apply 1 pound of bermudagrass per 1,000 square feet of yard. Grand prix is a selection from a cross between wintergreen and couch 5 also designated c5. Bermuda grass, like kudzu vine and blackberries, is amazingly tenacious and invasive. This weed invades lawns, landscape beds and gardens as far north as.
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